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| Robert A. G. Monks. |
He is still hard at work, trying to change the way corporate America operates.
He was recently interviewed by the Dutch FD (Financial Daily) and his statements were quite revealing as they always are when he is interviewed by journalists.
Like when he was interviewed by the NY Times and said that the American political establishment is now completely in the hands of corporate America. "To compare this corporate control with a dictatorship is absolutely correct", says Monks.
A Boston Brahmin who has been a corporate lawyer, venture capitalist, energy company executive, corporate director and Reagan administration official, Mr. Monks has an elite background that might have made him a consummate corporate insider. Instead, in his latest book, “Citizens DisUnited: Passive Investors, Drone C.E.O.’s and the Corporate Capture of the American Dream,” he has issued what he describes as “a call to arms.”
Mr. Monks has been battling for decades to make corporations more transparent and more democratic. Toward that end, he has founded companies like Institutional Shareholder Services, the Corporate Library and GMI Ratings, which assess the ways companies are governed. He has lobbied institutional investors to influence the behavior of companies in which they invest. He has also met with presidents, several years ago with President Obama at a reception in Boston where he tried to enlist support for his cause, without much effect so far.
He has been pleading for the direct involvement of millions of individual corporate shareholders. “Nothing is going to happen unless you involve yourself,” he said. “Democracy isn’t going to work without involved citizens and corporations won’t work without involved owners.”
A slender 6-foot-6, Mr. Monks is imposing but not intimidating, with a courtly manner that seems at odds with the combative language he uses to describe corporate America.
Big companies have captured the political system in the United States, he says, and chief executives have captured the corporations, ensuring that the nation is effectively run by a handful of top business managers who pursue their own narrow self-interest.
“The most powerful C.E.O.’s have effectively seized authority over a vast range of America’s corporate resources,” he wrote, “and through those resources over the nation itself without assuming any responsibilities of dominion.”
For Mr. Monks, corporate governance centers on several main issues, including executive pay, corporate compatibility with the public interest and management’s responsiveness to shareholders.
He admires people like Ralph V. Whitworth, a founder of the private investment group Relational Investors, who, he says “has set a model for constructive shareholder activism.” Mr. Whitworth’s approach has been to accumulate a stake in a public company, perhaps only 1 percent, and then fight his way onto the board, where he pushes for a change in corporate strategy.
In 1999, Mr. Whitworth became acting chairman of Waste Management, helping it recover from an accounting scandal. A Hewlett-Packard shareholder, he joined its board in 2011 and became interim chairman earlier this year, amid a turnaround effort at the company.
Although ownership in the stock market today appears more widely dispersed than ever, individuals have been exerting less control over companies, Mr. Monks said. For instance, many millions of Americans hold stocks through mutual funds, representing by far the largest ownership block among institutional investors. As a purely legal matter, mutual funds have significant power to influence all aspects of corporate governance. In practice, though, the funds have tended to be hands-off, passive investors.
Mr. Monks thinks that needs to change. “It’s critical that mutual fund investors require the trustees of their accounts to act like stewards of each company they hold in their portfolio,” he said. “Many mutual fund companies are equipped to do this.” Those that aren’t should be responsive when researchers point out cent problems. “When a corporate governance issue comes to light,” he said, “they need to be involved.”
He also contends that others among the nation’s biggest investors — charitable funds and endowments — need to play more active roles. In his book, he argued that if excessive executive pay was to be curbed, it was important that the trustees of the top dozen endowments and charitable funds, accounting for $200 billion in collective assets, actively take a stand. “These are flesh-and-blood individuals who can actually do something,” he said.
Mr. Monks comes from a patrician New England background. With his wife, Millicent — a great-granddaughter of Thomas Carnegie, the younger brother of Andrew Carnegie — they live in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, not far from their son Bobby, author of the book Uninvested: How Wall Street Hijacks Your Money and How to Fight Back. It is from here that he and his son wage their battles against today’s corporate titans.
A self-described education snob, highly attuned to the background and credentials of those he meets, he earned a bachelor’s degree at Harvard, did graduate work at Cambridge in Britain and then returned to Harvard for his law degree.
He sees himself as one of the last of the Rockefeller Republicans, and he served as a co-chairman of Republicans for Obama in Maine during the 2008 presidential election. During that campaign, he entertained Barack Obama at his home.
Mr. Monks even had his own political ambitions. In 1972, 1976 and 1996, he ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate. During his first race, he said, he had an epiphany that eventually set him on the path of corporate governance reform. While staying at a hotel on the bank of the Penobscot River, he says, he saw a wall of white foam coming down the river. He learned that it came from the paper companies in the area.
After that election, he became chairman of a trust company with paper company holdings. Mr. Monks said he wrote letters urging these companies to improve their environmental practices. The Clean Water Act of 1972 and its various amendments eventually provided the impetus for a significant cleanup of the river.
In some ways, corporations have become more powerful and shareholders have become less involved, he said, yet he is not discouraged.
“I’ve had so little tangible success and yet I’ve never been happier,” he said. “Each one of us needs to ask what we can contribute. I’ve tried to expose the illusion of corporate democracy. It’s a cost to all of
