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Showing posts with label Currency. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Currency. Show all posts

6/5/20

Currency: How the U.S. dollar’s ‘almost silent slide’ is juicing the stock-market rally

Investors might not have noticed it amid all the excitement, but a stealthy slide by the U.S. dollar should get some of the credit for the stock market’s stunning rally.

Read more at
How the U.S. dollar’s ‘almost silent slide’ is juicing the stock-market rally - MarketWatch

9/20/17

Currencies: Dollar Collapse: Will It and When - by Kimberly Amadeo

US Dollar Collapse?
A dollar collapse is when the value of the U.S. dollar plummets. Anyone who holds dollar-denominated assets will sell them at any cost. That includes foreign governments who own U.S. Treasurys. It also affects foreign exchange futures traders. Last but not least are individual investors.

When the crash occurs, these parties will demand assets denominated in anything other than dollars. The collapse of the dollar means that everyone is trying to sell their dollar-denominated assets, and no one wants to buy them.

This will drive the value of the dollar down to near zero. It makes hyperinflation look like a day in the park.

Three conditions must be in place before the dollar could collapse. First, there must be an underlying weakness. That situation exists in 2017. The U.S. currency is fundamentally weak despite its 25 percent increase since 2014. The dollar declined 54.7 percent against the euro between 2002 and 2012. Why? The U.S. debt almost tripled during that period, from $6 trillion to $15 trillion. The debt is even worse now, at $20 trillion. The debt-to-GDP ratio is now more than 100 percent. That increases the chance the United States will let the dollar's value slide. That's because it would be easier to repay its debt with cheaper money.

Second, there must be a viable currency alternative for everyone to buy. The dollar's strength is based on its use as the world's reserve currency.

The dollar became the reserve currency in 1973 when President Nixon abandoned the gold standard.  As a global currency, the dollar is used for 43 percent of all cross-border transactions. That means central banks must hold the dollar in their reserves to pay for these transactions. As a result, 61 percent of these foreign currency reserves are in dollars.

The next most popular currency after the dollar is the euro. But it comprises less than 30 percent of central bank reserves. The eurozone debt crisis weakened the euro as a viable global currency.

China and others argue that a new currency should be created and used as the global currency. China's central banker Zhou Xiaochuan goes one step further. He claims that the yuan should replace the dollar to maintain China's economic growth. China is right to be alarmed at the dollar's drop in value. That's because it is the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasurys, so it just saw its investment deteriorate. For more, see Dollar to Yuan Conversion and History.

Could bitcoin replace the dollar as the new world currency? It has many benefits. It's not controlled by any one country's central bank. It is created, managed, and spent online. It can also be used at brick-and-mortar stores that accept it. Its supply is finite. That appeals to those who would rather have a currency that's backed by something concrete, such as gold.

But there are big obstacles. First, its value is highly volatile. That's because there is no central bank to manage it. Second, it has become the coin of choice for illegal activities that lurk in the deep web.

That makes it vulnerable to tampering by unknown forces.

These two situations make a collapse possible. But, it won’t occur without a third condition. That's a huge economic triggering event that destroys confidence in the dollar.

Altogether, foreign countries own more than $5 trillion in U.S. debt. If China, Japan or other major holders started dumping these holdings of Treasury notes on the secondary market, this could cause a panic leading to collapse. China owns $1 trillion in U.S. Treasurys. That's because China pegs the yuan to the dollar. This keeps the prices of its exports to the United States relatively cheap. Japan also owns more than $1 trillion in Treasurys. It also wants to keep the yen low to stimulate exports to the United States. Japan is trying to move out of a 15-year deflationary cycle.

The 2011 earthquake and nuclear disaster didn't help.

Would China and Japan ever dump their dollars? Only if they saw their holdings declining in value too fast and they had another export market to replace the United States. The economies of Japan and China are dependent on U.S. consumers. They know that if they sell their dollars, that would further depress the value of the dollar. That means their products, still priced in yuan and yen, will cost relatively more in the United States. Their economies would suffer. Right now, it's still in their best interest to hold onto their dollar reserves.

China and Japan are aware of their vulnerability. They are selling more to other Asian countries that are gradually becoming wealthier. But the United States is still the best market in the world.

A dollar collapse will not occur in 2017. In fact, it's unlikely that it will collapse at all. That's because any of the countries who have the power to make that happen (China, Japan, and other foreign dollar holders) don't want it to occur. It's not in their best interest. Why bankrupt your best customer? Instead, the dollar will resume its gradual decline as these countries find other markets.

A sudden dollar collapse would create global economic turmoil. Investors would rush to other currencies, such as the euro, or other assets, such as gold and commodities. Demand for Treasurys would plummet, and interest rates would rise. U.S. import prices would skyrocket, causing inflation.

U.S. exports would be dirt cheap, given the economy a brief boost. In the long run, inflation, high interest rates and volatility would strangle possible business growth. Unemployment would worsen, sending the United States back into recession or even a depression.

Protect yourself from a dollar collapse by first defending yourself from a gradual dollar decline. Keep your assets well-diversified by holding foreign mutual funds, gold, and other commodities.

A dollar collapse would create global economic turmoil. To respond to this kind of uncertainty, you must be mobile. Keep your assets liquid, so you can shift them as needed. Make sure your job skills are transferable. Update your passport, in case things get so bad for so long that you need to move quickly to another country. These are just a few ways to Protect Yourself and Survive a Dollar Collapse.

Read more: Dollar Collapse: Will It and When

8/11/15

China devalues yuan to lowest rate against US dollar in almost three years

China’s central bank has devalued the yuan to its lowest rate against the US dollar in almost three years and its biggest one-day drop since 1994 when China aligned its official and market rates.

The lender cut its daily reference rate 1.9 percent calling the change “ a one-off depreciation”.

The move comes as policy makers stepped up efforts to support exporters on the back of data earlier this week which showed exports tumbled by 8.3 percent in July. The lender said its fixing will become more aligned with supply and demand.

“As a result of the strong yuan, because it is linked to the US dollar, Chinese exports have become very expensive. There was a study that in 10 years, China’s cost increased by eight and a half times, so China’s manufacturing cost is only marginally lower than the US,” said Francis Lun CEO, GEO Securities Limited

The move could help spur growth in the world’s second largest economy which is growing at its slowest rate for six years.

Some economists said the the devaluation was also designed to support Beijing’s push for the yuan to be included in a basket of reserve currencies known as Special Drawing Rights which are used by the International Monetary Fund to lend money to sovereign borrowers.

Read more: China devalues yuan to lowest rate against US dollar in almost three years | euronews, economy

11/14/14

Middle East: Islamic State wants to create its own currency - by Nabih Bulos

Money might be the root of all evil, but that’s a risk Islamic State seems willing to take.

In a bid to shed the "tyrannical monetary system that was imposed upon the Muslims" and avoid becoming “easy prey for the Jews and Crusaders," the militant group has decided to create a new currency, according to a statement released Thursday by the Financial Diwan [Office] of the Islamic State.

In its de facto capital of Raqqah in northeastern Syria, the Al Qaeda breakaway group has organized civil services, ministries and even a Saudi-style morality police to ensure that citizens abide by its draconian interpretation of sharia, or Islamic law. Punishments include amputations, beheadings and crucifixions.

Since its blitz expansion into Iraq in June, Islamic State has ramped up its state-building activities. Activists have reported that the group intends to issue passports for its “citizens.”

The dinars, dirhams, and fils making up the new currency's "categories" will come in denominations of 1, 5, and 10, according to the group’s statement.


Read more: Islamic State wants to create its own currency - LA Times

11/20/13

EU Economy: If the European economy is so shaky, why is the euro so strong?

The euro zone is looking healthier than it has in some time, but that is not saying much. The long-suffering economy pulled out of recession earlier this year, unemployment is levelling off, and crisis worries continue to ebb along with government borrowing costs.

Yet growth may struggle to top 1% next year, which in turn is generating fear of deflation. European firms and households remain stuck under piles of debt. Earlier this month, amid signs of new economic weakness, the European Central Bank (ECB) cut its benchmark interest rate to 0.25%.

From late 2009 to mid-2012 the euro weakened as Europe’s debt crisis deepened. But since July of last year the euro has been on a tear, and it is now back to 2007 levels. After half a decade of financial gyrations, investors seem as eager to hold euros as ever. If the European economy is still shaky, why is the euro so strong?

An appreciating currency can cause serious problems. Exchange rates are an important determinant of the price of a country’s goods on world markets. If American car prices hold steady while the dollar strengthens, then the cost of American cars in yen or euros rises and America will sell fewer of them abroad. Europe has more reason than most to fear a strong currency. With firms, households and governments all cutting back, Europe is reliant on exports to drive growth and hiring. Some European leaders, such as France's president, François Hollande, worry that a strong euro is hurting European exporters.

Explaining exchange-rate moves is a near-impossible task. A currency might rise as improving economic prospects attract foreign capital—or because domestic banks are liquidating foreign investments and bringing money home to cover expected losses. Yet two factors look especially culpable for the euro's recent strength.

One is falling odds of a nasty euro-zone break-up. The flip from weakening to strengthening came in July 2012, when the president of the ECB, Mario Draghi, promised to do "whatever it takes" to preserve the single currency. Markets breathed a sigh of relief and seemed to worry less about keeping money in euros.

Relatively tight monetary policy could also be a factor. European interest rates are often higher than those elsewhere, while inflation is lower. Those small differences can add up to big gains for investors who borrow dollars (for example), and use them to buy euros to park in European banks. This "carry trade" raises the value of the euro relative to other currencies.

A soaring euro is not all bad news. It could signal increased foreign interest in lending to periphery governments. And Europeans benefit from lower import prices. But the costs—to struggling exporters and from deflation—are probably larger. Luckily Europe is not powerless in the face of a buoyant euro.

The ECB could discourage the carry trade by paying negative interest rates on deposits and could follow other rich-world central banks in deploying "quantitative easing" (QE) to boost the economy. QE entails printing euros to buy government bonds. In the end, an exchange rate is just a price: the price of euros, as expressed in other currencies. The surest way to bring it down is to make more euros.

Read more: The Economist explains: If the European economy is so shaky, why is the euro so strong? | The Economist

11/18/13

Money: The Rise of Bitcoin - QuickTake - Is It Real Money If It Doesn't Come From the Mint? By Max Raskin

They’re called Bitcoins, but you can’t put one into your pocket. Don’t try to use it to tip the waiter. So what makes Bitcoin money? The same thing that makes all money money — trust, in this case backed up by a lot of code-breaking computers.

Created in 2009, Bitcoin has grown into the world’s largest virtual currency, traded on exchanges around the world. It’s the product of open-source software and a decentralized network of electronic “miners,” making it a multibillion-dollar experiment in monetary privatization and perhaps the first step toward an age when the digital economy outgrows the restraints of nation states and wallets full of paper.

he value of Bitcoin soared in early 2013 amid a torrent of media coverage, hitting an intraday record high of $266 in April. Some buyers were drawn by a mistrust of central banks they saw as fueling inflation; for them, Bitcoin, which has rigid limits on money supply written into its software, was a safer alternative.

Others liked its anonymity for online transactions, legal or not. But much of the surge was driven by newer investors with more traditional motivation — getting in on the ground floor of a product in demand. In July 2013, the Winklevoss twins of Facebook fame announced that they had bought 1 percent of the Bitcoin in existence and later filed to offer a Bitcoin ETF.

Prominence also brought new problems, however. The largest Bitcoin exchange, Mt. Gox, located in Japan, was  the target of hacking attacks that drove the price down. In the summer of 2013, regulators began to take notice, raising thorny questions of oversight.

Then on Oct. 2, Bitcoin prices plunged by a third after U.S. prosecutors announced the indictment of the operator of Silk Road, an anything-goes online market where drugs and other illicit goods were peddled for Bitcoin. But it soon rebounded to set new highs, and the Justice Department declared in November that Bitcoins can be “legal means of exchange.”

For more: Bloomberg

4/8/13

Currency Markets: Dollar drops versus euro, yet rebounds against yen after NFP

Today’s non-farm payrolls report missed analysts’ forecasts as it showed a job gain of 88,000 last month,  the smallest gain in nine months, compared with estimates of 190,000.

The report was interpreted negatively by investors although it included positive signs such the upside revision to February’s reading to 268,000 from 236,000 and the drop in unemployment to 7.6%, the lowest in four years, from 7.7%. 

The non-farm report moved in line with the private payrolls for March released this week which also came below analysts’ forecasts to show a job gain of 158,000 last month, compared with both revised and estimated readings of 237,000 and 200,000.

In the wake of stimulus announcement by key central banks yesterday, the dollar came under pressure as the Fed is likely to stick to its pledge to continue with stimulus till the labor market shows signs of recovery. 

Read more: Dollar drops versus euro, yet rebounds against yen after NFP

10/4/11

China "firmly opposes" US Senate's yuan bill

China on Tuesday expressed firm opposition to the U.S. Senate's bill on the Chinese yuan, after it voted to allow a debate on the so-called "currency manipulation" bill.

Such a move "seriously violates rules of the World Trade Organization and obstructs China-U.S. trade ties," Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu said in a statement.

China urges certain U.S. Senators to "rationally understand Sino-US trade cooperation, which is mutually beneficial in nature, and stop pressuring China through domestic law-making," he said.

China calls on the United States to abandon protectionism or politicizing economic issues so as to create favorable environment for the growth of bilateral economic and trade ties, he said.

The U.S. Senate voted Monday (local time) to allow a debate on the bill that addresses so-called "currency manipulation" by China amid strong opposition from China and U.S. business groups.

For more: China "firmly opposes" US Senate's yuan bill

1/20/10

EUCommissioner Rehn:"China currency rate not acceptable

The European Union's future economy commissioner complained Wednesday about the high value of the Chinese currency against the euro, saying it was not acceptable that it should risk Europe's economic recovery. Olli Rehn was the latest in a string of EU officials to try and pressure Beijing to allow the renminbi to rise against other currencies which would help foreigners export more to China _ and possibly cut the cost and reduce China's massive export flow to the rest of the world.

China shrugged off a November plea to let its currency appreciate in talks with policy makers from the 16-nation eurozone including European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet.

Rehn said Wednesday that "it is not acceptable that China's currency dumping is risking economic recovery in Europe." He also complained that China had helped wreck chances of a global climate change accord in Copenhagen last month, saying it was "clear that China did not want to commit itself to seriously meaningful objective

For more: Rehn: China currency rate not acceptable -AP/Taiwan News Online

Euro/Dollar Weakness Foretelling Equity Decline

The reactionary policy of central banks and governments in 2008-2009 re-opened the monetary floodgates, a supply increase that outpaced the increasing deleveraging-based monetary demand. The injected liquidity also loosened credit markets, allowing monetary demand and safe haven demand to fall, and increased investor perception.

The next cycle in this reactionary and interventionist game that central banks are playing involves a resurgence of the monetary demand side offsetting the supply. At this stage, an increase in interest rates or another liquidity extraction tool isn't necessary to catalyze a rush to liquidity. The deleveraging and credit tightening is already there and has been continuing, even into the face of a massive rally. This status quo merely needs to offset what's left of monetary supply increase.

For more: Euro / Dollar Weakness Foretelling Equity Decline? -- Seeking Alpha


7/7/09

LA Times: Dollar's future as reserve currency in focus as world leaders meet - by Pan Pylas

For the complete report from the Los Angeles Times click on this link

Dollar's future as reserve currency in focus as world leaders meet - by Pan Pylas

Investors will be keeping a close eye on how far world leaders will go in expressing support for a strong dollar at the Group of Eight summit in Italy, amid talk that the dollar's status as the world's reserve currency will be on the agenda. China, Russia and India have indicated that they want to see long-term changes in the international monetary system in the wake of the financial crisis that has pushed the world economy into its first synchronized downturn since the Second World War.

3/6/08

Turkish, European Union Coins Similar

Numismaster.com:

Turkish, European Union Coins Similar
By Richard Giedroyc, World Coin News
March 06, 2008

When mints around the world plan the introduction of a new coin they are usually careful to ensure the new coin is not so close in weight, metal composition, and diameter to other coins elsewhere that a low denomination coin of one country won't be confused for a higher denomination coin of another nation.

There are exceptions, of course. The United States has had its share of such snafoos. Take the 1875 to 1878 20-cent coin that resembled the quarter as one example. A more recent problem was the Susan B. Anthony dollar, often mistaken for a quarter.

7/12/07

EUobserver.com: MEPs defy member states on EU symbols - by Mark Beunderman


For the complete report from the EUobserver.com click on this link

MEPs defy member states on EU symbols - by Mark Beunderman

The European Parliament is considering flying the EU flag and playing the EU anthem more often in its own buildings as part of a political message to those member states who have scrapped the union's symbols from the proposed new EU treaty. The parliament on Wednesday (11 July) adopted its opinion on the EU's reform treaty which was agreed by EU leaders last month and which will be subject to detailed negotiations in a so-called Inter Governmental Conference (IGC) in the coming months. Note EU-Digest: The Unity of the EU at home and abroad is expressed in Symbols; including the Flag, the Anthem and our strong EURO. Those who want to do away with it better get out of the European Union.