The news site Politico Europe recently produced one of many inevitable
end-of-year rankings, “The women who shape Brussels – class of 2018”. It
was interesting to see that, in a European Union that is widely
perceived as undemocratic, MEPs were up high on this list. Among them,
the so-called “tech MEP gang” scored highest. This “sisterhood”, as
Politico calls them, includes influential MEPs such as Marietje Schaake,
Eva Kaili, Mady Delvaux, and Pilar del Castillo Vera. They help shape
European laws on robots, blockchain, intellectual property rights, and
privacy. These women are feared in Silicon Valley. And in many European
capitals too.
It is ironic that the only ones who don’t really seem to care about this
powerful “gang” are the European voters they are supposed to represent,
and in whose names they wage their fierce political battles. Many
Europeans do not read Politico. What MEPs do – be they men or women –
does not interest them in the least. Brussels, for them, is too far
away. They perceive “Europe” as an elite project: “let’s take back
control.”
This is a pity, because things have really changed a little in recent
years. Citizens often associate MEPs with a toothless, expensive
parliament that no one has any control over, but this perception is
somewhat outdated. Under the 2010 Treaty of Lisbon, member states have
given the EU additional powers in aspects of external relations such as
trade agreements, foreign policy, and the EU’s position within the
United Nations.
The European Parliament has gained power in these fields too. This
follows a democratic logic: if one takes policy to a higher level,
democratic control should follow. Although it is far from perfect, the
treaty expanded democratic participation a little. And the “female tech
gang” has made full use of it. By asking questions, vetoing draft
proposals, and putting forward amendments to such proposals, MEPs from
across the EU have influenced – for example – agreements on data
exchange and counter-terrorism with the United States in a way that was
impossible before.
According to a Eurobarometer survey published in September 2018, just 41
percent of European citizens know when the next European Parliament
elections will be held (May 2019). Only 51 percent declare an interest
in them. A poll taken in April this year found that “a great majority
think that people would abstain [from voting in the elections] because
‘they believe that their vote will not change anything’, ‘they distrust
the political system’ or ‘are not interested in politics or in elections
in general’.” The prevailing assumption is still that the European
Parliament is useless because citizens “aren’t heard anyway”.
European Parliament is useless because citizens “aren’t heard anyway”.
In a remarkable inaugural
lecture at the University of Amsterdam in early November, European law
professor Christina Eckes challenged that assumption. Eckes pointed out
that “while transferring powers to the EU limits the unilateral autonomy
of national governments, it increases control for EU citizens over
central aspects of international relations, such as the conclusion of
international agreements.” In other words: the transfer of power to
Brussels may weaken member states, but it empowers citizens. Why?
Because the European Parliament now has a key role in negotiating and
finalising international treaties. As a result, it can exercise more
control over institutions that implement these treaties – since they are
European – than national parliaments can. In this way, Eckes argues,
“European integration allows European citizens to retain control over
international policies in a globalised world.”
Read more: Taking back control: How European citizens are slowly gaining power | European Council on Foreign Relations