They
have plotted deadly missions from secret bases in the badlands of
Somalia. In Afghanistan, they have engaged in combat so intimate that
they have emerged soaked in blood that was not their own.
On clandestine
raids in the dead of the night, their weapons of choice have ranged
from customized carbines to primeval tomahawks.
Around
the world, they have run spying stations disguised as commercial boats,
posed as civilian employees of front companies and operated undercover
at embassies as male-female pairs, tracking those the United States
wants to kill or capture.
Those
operations are part of the hidden history of the Navy’s SEAL Team 6,
one of the nation’s most mythologized, most secretive and least
scrutinized military organizations.
Once a small group reserved for
specialized but rare missions, the unit best known for killing Osama bin Laden has been transformed by more than a decade of combat into a global manhunting machine.
When
suspicions have been raised about misconduct, outside oversight has
been limited.
Joint Special Operations Command, which oversees SEAL Team
6 missions, conducted its own inquiries into more than a half-dozen
episodes, but seldom referred them to Navy investigators. “JSOC
investigates JSOC, and that’s part of the problem,” said one former
senior military officer experienced in special operations, who like many
others interviewed for this article spoke on the condition of anonymity
because Team 6’s activities are classified.
Even
the military’s civilian overseers do not regularly examine the unit’s
operations. “This is an area where Congress notoriously doesn’t want to
know too much,” said Harold Koh, the State Department’s former top legal
adviser, who provided guidance to the Obama administration on
clandestine war.
Waves of money have sluiced through SEAL Team 6 since 2001, allowing it
to significantly expand its ranks — reaching roughly 300 assault troops,
called operators, and 1,500 support personnel — to meet new demands.
But some team members question whether the relentless pace of operations
has eroded the unit’s elite culture and worn down Team 6 on combat
missions of little importance. The group was sent to Afghanistan to hunt
Qaeda leaders, but instead spent years conducting close-in battle
against mid- to low-level Taliban and other enemy fighters. Team 6
members, one former operator said, served as “utility infielders with
guns.”
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